Sur la méthodologie: Une discussion de l’historiographie des hôpitaux islamiques médiévaux

History of Scienc

Prophets of Medicine and Medicine of the Prophet: Debates on Medical Theory and Practice in the Medieval Middle East

History of Scienc

The Question of Anatomy: Towards a Different Understanding of the Interactions of Religion and Science in the Medieval Middle East

History of Scienc

Bīmāristān Al-Manṣūrī: State and Medical Practice in Mamluk Egypt (1285-1390)

History of Scienc

Comment Peut-on Écrire L’histoire Du Bīmāristān? Une Discussion Sur Les Sources De L’historiographie Des Hôpitaux Islamique Médiévaux.

History of Scienc

Delevolpment of semi active suspension system

The suspension of the car plays a very important role in the safety and the comfort of the vehicle and for absorbing the shock waves and give comfort for the driver and passenger. There are different classifications of suspension, which are passive, semi-active and active suspension. There is potential for improve the model of the shock absorber, by developing electronically controllable semi active shock absorber. However, semi-active absorber been chosen for modification due better efficiency and providing different characteristic of damping ratio when compares to the passive shock absorber and low cost when compare with active shock absorber. Therefore, a controller was developed to be attached with the absorber to the control the degree of softness and hardness. The level of softness and hardness of shock absorbers play an important role in giving comfort to the driver and passengers while driving. The level of hardness can be changed by controlling the flow of hydraulic oil flow in the shock absorbers between piston during the process of compression and rebound. There will be a control unit to control the damping ratio. It adjusted to 4 different levels of hardness. The modifications on inner parts of the shock absorber was done to meet the requirements of the design. Several test procedures have been chosen to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the vehicle. The tests were done bumpy, straight line and roundabout road, these tests used to make objective measurements for evaluation of the acceleration and ride quality performance. Data was analyzed in effectiveness on vehicle acceleration. Ride quality and comfort was considered as well. the result shows the range is fallen in area of little uncomfortable

Algunas consideraciones éticas acerca de la medicalización de la mutilación/corte genital femenina (circuncisión femenina).

According to each society’s condition the ethical attitude of the individual may be colored by the attitude of the society. It is therefore not surprising to find what is ethical in one society might not be ethical in another. Female Genital Cutting, as an example, is seen in some societies as a must and something good for the whole community in general and for girls in particular, while in others, it is seen as mutilation and violation of human rights. The practice of female genital cutting is a complex issue that ties the traditional gender roles, superstition, local concepts on health and sexuality, as well as several other social relations. Worldwide, an estimated 130 million girls and women have undergone FGC. The current paper examines medicalization of female genital cutting from ethical point of view. The paper discusses the issue in the following themes: definition of the practice, the justifications of the practice, the complications and lastly the ethical reflections. The paper argues that laws that prohibit the practice would not work, without wide socio-cultural change; any effort to eradicate the practice would not succeedDe acuerdo a las condiciones sociales la actitud ética del individuo puede ser matizada por la actitud de la sociedad. Por lo tanto no es sorprendente encontrar, que algo que es ético en una sociedad no lo sea para otra sociedad. La mutilación genital femenina, es un ejemplo de esto, ésta mutilación es vista en algunas sociedades como lo debido y algo bueno para toda la comunidad en general y para las niñas en particular; mientras que en otras sociedades, esto es visto como mutilación y violación de los derechos humanos. Esta práctica, es un aspecto complejo que ata los roles tradicionales de género, la superstición, los conceptos locales en cuanto a sexualidad, salud, así como otras relaciones sociales. En el mundo se tiene un estimado de 130 millones de niñas y mujeres que han sido sometidas a la mutilación genital femenina (FGC) El presente artículo examina la medicalización de ésta práctica, desde un punto de vista ético. Este documento discute el tópico en los siguientes temas : definición de la práctica, justificación de la misma, sus complicaciones y finalmente las reflexiones éticas. Este artículo argumenta que las leyes que prohiben esta práctica no funcionarían sin un amplio cambio sociocultural; cualquier esfuerzo para erradicar dicha práctica no será exitos

The Effectiveness of Hypochlorous Acid Solution on Healing of Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Introduction: Wound cleansing remains a corner stone in the management of diabetic foot ulcer. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Povidone Iodine are topical antimicrobial agents but known to be toxic to cells involved in the wound healing cascade. The biggest challenge for the physicians and nurses is searching for a safe, non-cytotoxic and effective wound cleansing as Hypochlorous acid (HOCL). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of HOCL versus H2O2 followed by Povidine Iodine as a wound care agent in treating infected diabetic foot ulcers. Patients and methods: Design: used a randomized clinical trial design to compare the efficacy of HOCL versus H2O2 followed by Povidine Iodine as a wound care agent in treating infected diabetic foot ulcers. Setting: This study was carried out in outpatient plastic and vascular surgery clinic at Assiut university Hospital. Subjects: A random selection was performed on 60 patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers divided equally to control and study group. Methods: HOCL was used for the study group, as irrigate the wound with HOCL in a concentration; sterile Nacl 0.9% to HOCL 50.5% at ratio 8:2 and leave for 5 minutes, before covered the wound with sterile dressing. While H2O2 followed by Povidine Iodine used for the control group and the results were compared. Bacterial cultures were obtained before start washing, after five days thin each five days to the end of the study for the two groups. Results: HOCL was able to be effective against Candida, Proteus, Klebsella, Psudomonas, and Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MARSA) compare to H2O2 and Povidine iodine. There is a statistically significant difference between using HOCL and H2O2 and Povidine iodine as a washing therapy in reducing bacterial count, wound pain, odor, discharge and improve wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer. Conclusion: Hypochlorous acid is a potent antimicrobial cleanser against a wide range of microorganisms. Hypochlorous Acid is safe, low cost, painless, easy to perform, and improve wound healing or rapidly prepared diabetic foot ulcer for skin flap or graft. Recommendation: The study recommended use of HOCL as a virtuous diabetic wound care cleanser. Further research is needed on a larger scale to validate the effectiveness of Hypochlorous acid as a wound care agent in septic diabetic foot ulcers. Keywords: Hypochlorous Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide, Infected diabetic foot ulcer, Povidine Iodine